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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to the learner-internal aspects CLKs' understanding of their own resistance to change and the relational affordances they were able to draw from were crucial. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to not criticize the strictness of a professor (see the example 2).<br><br>This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on practical core topics such as:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The test for discourse completion is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many strengths however, it also has its drawbacks. For example the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. As a result, it should be analyzed carefully before it is used for research or assessment purposes.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a benefit. This feature can be used to study the role of prosody in different cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field of linguistics, the DCT has emerged as one of the primary tools to analyze learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to analyze many issues, such as manner of speaking, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners speaking.<br><br>Recent research used a DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with a list of scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the options offered. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing, such as videos or questionnaires. Researchers warned, however,  [http://chansolburn.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=254552 프라그마틱 무료] [https://www.diltexbrands.com/employer/pragmatic-kr/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] - [https://job-daddy.com/employer/pragmatic-kr/ job-daddy.com], that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection.<br><br>DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They may not be accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in real-world interaction. This issue requires further research on alternative methods of assessing refusal ability.<br><br>A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than the email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal performance in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relational affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations.<br><br>The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an inadequate understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs also revealed CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders, were then coded. The code was re-coded repeatedly, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question by using a variety of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create native-like patterns. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life experiences. They also mentioned external factors, such as relational benefits. They described, for example how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university.<br><br>However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were worried that their native interactants might think they are "foreigners" and think they are unintelligent. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the applicability of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will enable them to better understand how different cultural environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to investigate a particular subject. It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to examine specific or complicated issues that are difficult to other methods to measure.<br><br>In a case study the first step is to define the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also beneficial to study the literature to gain a general understanding of the subject and place the situation in a larger theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, thereby ignoring accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from their response quality.<br><br>Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 in their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their perception of the world.<br><br>Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies listed below to use when making a demand. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personalities. TS for instance,  [http://124.221.101.80:3000/pragmaticplay1475/klaus2013/wiki/10+Healthy+Pragmatic+Demo+Habits 무료 프라그마틱] claimed that she was difficult to get along with and refused to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.