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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to the learner-internal aspects CLKs' understanding of their own resistance to change and the relational affordances they were able to draw from were crucial. RIs from TS and ZL for instance mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their rational decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see the example 2).<br><br>This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic fundamental topics like:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot account for the cultural and individual variations in communication. Furthermore, the DCT is prone to bias and can lead to overgeneralizations. Therefore, it must be carefully analyzed prior to using it for research or assessment purposes.<br><br>Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to alter social variables that affect politeness can be a strength. This ability can aid researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.<br><br>In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate various issues, including politeness, turn taking, and lexical selection. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners' speech.<br><br>A recent study utilized the DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the options provided. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT must be used with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection.<br><br>DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as design and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They are not always accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further research on different methods to assess the ability to refuse.<br><br>In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally indirect requests and utilized more hints than email data.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also required to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current life histories, as well as their relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data were analysed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. The interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a given situation.<br><br>The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within a period of two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. The coders worked in an iterative manner and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding were compared to the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question with several experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that CLKs on average,  [http://wzgroupup.hkhz76.badudns.cc/home.php?mod=space&uid=2275788 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could produce patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors such as relational affordances. They also discussed, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform better in terms of the cultural and linguistic expectations of their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures or consequences they might face when their social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native friends might view them as "foreigners" and think they were ignorant. This is similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reassess their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigative technique that employs participant-centered,  [http://153.126.169.73/question2answer/index.php?qa=user&qa_1=hailsilver03 프라그마틱 플레이] 슈가러쉬, [http://delphi.larsbo.org/user/gaugejuly1 read page], in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of various sources of information to support the findings, including interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to analyze specific or complicated topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.<br><br>The first step in the case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to identify which aspects of the topic should be studied and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and place the case within a wider theoretical framework.<br><br>This study was conducted on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a departure from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response.<br><br>The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year of university and  프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 ([https://clashofcryptos.trade/wiki/Enough_Already_15_Things_About_Pragmatic_Product_Authentication_Were_Sick_Of_Hearing Clashofcryptos.trade]) were hoping to reach level six by their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world.<br><br>The interviewees were presented with two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS, for example stated that she was difficult to talk to and refused to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a lot of work despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.