The Under-Appreciated Benefits Of Adhd Assessment: Difference between revisions

mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>It is vital to evaluate people suffering from adhd to make the proper diagnosis. This is a difficult task. There are a variety of methods to conduct assessment, including structured clinical interviews, self-report rating scales, and neuropsychological and psychological tests. These methods aren't always straightforward, but they are very widespread.<br><br>Interviews with parents and children<br><br>A parent-child interview is a critical part of the evaluation of children with ADHD. It can provide valuable information to the physician about the phenomenological as the ecological validity of the child’s symptoms. This information, when combined with other data sources, is likely to be used as the basis for an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>The most important thing to do in an effective interview is to present specific and concrete questions. Be careful not to ask too many questions about parents' personal issues. Be cautious not to misinterpret informal observations of the child's behavior.<br><br>Pervasiveness is a crucial criterion to diagnose ADHD. A good indicator of symptom pervasiveness is CHATTI. It is easy and effective in evaluating the total scores of teachers' reported symptoms.<br><br>The questionnaire is an additional useful tool. It is simple to use and has a high degree of reliability. However, they can be influenced by biases of raters.<br><br>The parent/child interview is a vital part of the evaluation. However, it could be criticized for its lack of accuracy. Parents may be overly annoyed with the exam process and the interview can be a therapeutic experience for them.<br><br>Parent/child interviews should be accompanied by clinical evaluation. A thorough review of the child's previous records should be conducted. Psychoeducational and medical records along with previous test results, may give the clinician an insight into the child's psychosocial profile.<br><br>The reason for the referral is an additional aspect to take into consideration. A child's behavior problems could suggest the need for a referral for ADHD diagnosis. There is also the possibility of family stress as a possible cause for the child's difficulties.<br><br>An effective interview should comprise an appropriate mix of standard testing and parent/child interactions. If the examiner plans to conduct an interview with a minority child it is imperative that they try to comply with the cultural norms.<br><br>The most crucial aspect of an interview between a child and a parent is the relationship that the examiner forms with the parent. A diagnosis can be established if the examiner establishes a relationship with the parent and the interview information.<br><br>The interview should be considered as a positive component of a thorough and accurate evaluation of the child's emotional, behavioral, and social strengths and weaknesses. A clear diagnosis can not only ensure the right treatment, but it can also help determine the child's stage of development.<br><br>[https://www.google.co.ao/url?q=https://postheaven.net/clubformat5/this-history-behind-cheapest-adhd-assessment-will-haunt-you-forever self assessment adhd test]-report scales for rating<br><br>Rating scales are helpful in diagnosing ADHD in adults. They can be used by healthcare professionals and other providers such as parents and caregivers, as well as other. There are a variety of rating scales that can be used to determine ADHD's behavioral signs.<br><br>The Adult Self-Report Scale is a questionnaire that evaluates ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions require the subjects to rate their symptoms. Part B questions test the severity of symptoms. Both tests have been thoroughly studied and there is plenty of research that has been conducted on their accuracy.<br><br>ASRS has a high degree of concurrent validity. The questions are based upon DSM criteria and are designed to identify ADHD symptoms. The frequency scores also provide clues to the extent of the impact of symptoms on the patient's life.<br><br>Despite the widespread use of these instruments yet, the connection between their accuracy and actual diagnostic value of the tests isn't obvious. One study revealed that only 7 percent of children who took executive function tests, like the StanfordBinet Scale or the Attention Deficit Disorder Test, showed an positive correlation between their scores and those of the ASRS.<br><br>Mixed results have been found in research studies that have examined the relationship between ADHD self-report scales and executive function tests. This could be due to the lack of specificity of the tests. The ADHD self-report results have not been proven to be correlated with attentional performance, or any other component of the EF.<br><br>These tests are not perfect, but they can still be used to evaluate the likelihood of someone with ADHD. If a person has ADHD, the scores on these tests will be over 60. Typically, the answer to a question such as "How often do you experience trouble staying focused?" You will score highly because the answers "Never", "Not Very Often" and "Always," are all negative.<br><br>Some rating scales also ask about other problems like depression that could be a result of ADHD. A simplified version of the checklist from the CDC is available.<br><br>Structured clinical interview<br><br>A clinical interview is the most popular method for diagnosing ADHD in adults. This method is employed alongside a variety of other tools. These instruments include scales for assessing behavioral ratings Cognitive testing, cognitive testing, and self-report measures. Combining these diagnostic tools has been proven to be more accurate than the individual tools.<br><br>In a consultation the patient will describe their primary symptoms in a variety of settings. This allows the clinicians to assess the patient's life routine and determine if they have ADHD. These charts also give an improved picture of the patient's struggles with specific ADHD symptoms.<br><br>It is crucial to include informants who can confirm the patient's history when using ADHD behavior rating systems. If this is not done, it can result in over-reporting of symptoms. Informants could include a spouse, employer, and any other important person in the adult's life. The best method to integrate these ratings is by using an averaging method.<br><br>Cognitive testing is an essential element in diagnosing ADHD in adults. It improves the accuracy and reliability of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful for monitoring treatment response. Research has demonstrated that cognitive testing coupled with ADHD behavior rating scales are more effective than relying solely on one.<br><br>Adults with ADHD are often unable to comprehend the cause of their behavioral problems. It can be difficult to diagnose ADHD. Research suggests that some of the symptoms that are most effective in identifying adults suffering from ADHD are those related to concentration and memory.<br><br>Adults suffering from ADHD have a higher incidence of comorbidities than children. Studies have shown that comorbidities can influence the subjective symptoms. Therefore future studies should study the effects of medication and psychological disorders that are comorbid.<br><br>There has been a lot of research conducted on the accuracy and reliability of behavioral rating scales used to identify ADHD in adults. One study showed that the [https://www.google.dm/url?q=https://yogicentral.science/wiki/Seven_Explanations_On_Why_Assessments_For_ADHD_Is_So_Important diva assessment for adhd] was the most accurate and the BAARS-IV the least accurate. However these tools are not objective. Researchers suggest that you [https://ucgp.jujuy.edu.ar/profile/sweetscamera8/ get an adhd assessment] these ratings from knowledgeable people.<br><br>A structured clinical interview is an excellent tool to assess adults with ADHD. It not only collects standardized questions but also contains modules that analyze the development of data as well as symptomatology, based on DSM criteria.<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological tests<br><br>Neuropsychological and psychological testing for assessing ADHD for adults can be beneficial tools. These tests help to diagnose neurological diseases or brain disorders and help with treatment plans.<br><br>Psychological tests test a variety of mental abilities and behavior. They can also be used to diagnose developmental disabilities and learning disabilities. These test results can be compared to the results of people who are similar in age.<br><br>A neuropsychological test is a thorough and standard test of the brain, which measures various mental functions, is known as a neuropsychological assessment. This kind of test is typically administered by a professional , such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. The typical tests involve answering questions as well as performing tasks on a computer.<br><br>Psychological tests measure intelligence, such as memory and reasoning abilities, as well as other functions such as attention and multitasking. These tests are used to measure cognitive capacity, but not to gauge injuries. People can have cognitive problems if they have a neurologic condition, injury or any other condition. This can cause cognitive changes.<br><br>Adult ADHD tests may include tests of memory, attention and language capabilities. These tests [https://timeoftheworld.date/wiki/Five_Things_Youre_Not_Sure_About_About_ADHD_Assessments_Near_Me why Are adhd assessments So expensive] used for separating between people who have disabilities and healthy individuals. ADHD patients are typically more distracted than healthy adults, especially when they must focus on abstract problem solving and pay attention for long periods of time.<br><br>Testing for psychological and neuropsychological tests to determine the severity of adult ADHD is commonly used to help determine an exact diagnosis of the disorder. This is because ADHD symptoms are mostly neurocognitive in the nature. The symptoms include problems in short-term memory, as well as verbal process. These aren't the only signs of the disorder.<br><br>The results of neuropsychological and psychological tests to assess ADHD in adults can be used to create treatment plans and an intervention plan. Results are written up in an individual report that includes a description the symptoms and treatment suggestions, as well as a recommendation for further investigation. The results of the test can be used to detect other ailments.<br><br>One-on-one assessments for ADHD in adults is conducted. A qualified clinical psychologist will review the patient's medical history, developmental milestones , and behavior during the evaluation. They also talk with the patient about his or her concernsand provides suggestions for treatment.
Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>The assessment of adhd in adults is essential for the proper diagnosis of this disease, which can be an overwhelming task. There are a myriad of methods for assessing adhd, including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. But just because these techniques are widely used doesn't mean that they're simple to carry out.<br><br>Interviews with parents and children<br><br>A parent/child conversation is an essential element of the assessment of children suffering from ADHD. It can provide important information to the doctor about the phenomenological and as well as ecological validity of the child’s symptoms. This information, combined with the data gathered from different sources, can be used to be used as the basis for an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>Effective interviews are built on asking the right questions. Do not ask too many questions regarding parents' personal concerns. Be cautious not to take informal observations of the child’s behavior as a form of judgement.<br><br>Pervasiveness is a crucial criterion to determine ADHD. A reliable measure of the extent to which a symptom is pervasive is CHATTI. It is a simple but time-efficient tool for assessing the total score of symptom scores reported by teachers.<br><br>The questionnaire is an additional useful tool. Questionnaires are easy to administer and have high levels of reliability. However, they can be influenced by biases in the rater.<br><br>Although the parent/child interview is an important element of the examination but it is also criticized for its lack of reliability. The exam process could cause parents to become unhappy, and for some, the interview may be a positive experience.<br><br>Clinical evaluation should be performed in conjunction with parent-child interviews. It is essential to review all records related to the child. Psychoeducational and medical records as well as test results can provide the clinician insight into the child's psychological profile.<br><br>The nature of the referral is an additional aspect to take into account. The child's behavior may indicate the need for a referral to establish an [https://wuyuebanzou.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1302638 adhd assessment Uk cost] ([https://glamorouslengths.com/author/screwneed14/ Https://glamorouslengths.com/]) diagnosis. There is also the possibility of stress in the family as a potential cause of the child's problems.<br><br>An effective interview must include the right mix of standardized testing and interactions with parents/children. Interviews with children of minority groups should be conducted by an examiner who is committed to cultural norms.<br><br>The most crucial aspect of a parent/child interview with a parent is the bond the examiner establishes with the parent. The rapport, when combined with the information collected during the interview can be used to come up with an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>Overall, the interview should be seen as a positive and a necessary element in a complete and accurate evaluation of the child's behavior emotional, social, and behavioral strengths and weaknesses. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis will not only enable [https://www.ky58.cc/dz/home.php?mod=space&uid=2297297 getting an assessment for adhd] appropriate treatment plan, but could also indicate the child's course of development.<br><br>Self-report rating scales<br><br>Rating scales can be helpful in diagnosing ADHD in adults. They can be used by health professionals, parents, caregivers, and many others. There are a variety of scales for rating available and they can be used to evaluate the various behavioral issues that are associated with ADHD.<br><br>The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a questionnaire for self-report which measures ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions ask the subjects to assess their symptoms, and Part B questions inquire about the severity of these symptoms. These tests have been extensively studied and much research has been conducted to determine their precision.<br><br>ASRS has a high degree of concurrent validity. The questions are based upon DSM criteria and are designed to detect ADHD symptoms. The corresponding frequency scores provide indications of the level of the impact that symptoms have on the person's life.<br><br>Despite the ubiquity of these tools for testing however, the connection between their accuracy and actual use of the tests isn't clear. One study revealed that only 7% of children who took executive function tests, such as the StanfordBinet Scale and Attention Deficit Disorder Test, had a positive correlation between their scores and those of the ASRS.<br><br>Research on the relationship between the executive function tests and ADHD self-report scales has shown mixed results. This could be due to the lack of specificity of the tests themselves. Additionally, the results of the ADHD self-report questionnaire have been found to not correlate with the performance of attention or other components of the EF.<br><br>Although these measures aren't perfect, they are still [https://www.google.co.ls/url?q=https://robertson-lykkegaard.blogbright.net/14-questions-you-might-be-insecure-to-ask-about-adhd-assessment-online getting an assessment for adhd] excellent way to assess the probability of someone having ADHD. If someone has ADHD then the scores on these tests will be greater than 60. Typically the answer to a question like "[https://maps.google.hr/url?q=https://posteezy.com/7-simple-secrets-completely-you-how-do-i-get-adhd-assessment how do you get assessed for adhd] often do you experience difficulty concentration?" is a positive score, because the answers "Never," "Not Very Often," and "Always" are all negative.<br><br>Some scales could also inquire about ADHD-related disorders like depression. In reality, a shorter version of the CDC's check list for depression is available.<br><br>Interview with a structured clinical basis<br><br>In establishing a diagnosis for ADHD for adults, a clinical interview is the most popular method. This technique is often used in conjunction with other methods. These instruments include scales for assessing behavioral ratings cognitive testing, cognitive tests, and self-report measures. Combining these diagnostic tools has been shown to be more accurate than using individual tools.<br><br>Patients are asked to explain their primary symptoms in various scenarios during a clinical interview. This helps clinicians assess their impact on daily life and determine if the patient suffers from ADHD. They also provide a clearer picture of the patient's difficulty with particular ADHD symptoms.<br><br>When you are integrating ADHD behavior rating scales, it's crucial to include informants who can corroborate the patient's history. In the absence of this, it could result in over-reporting symptoms. Informants could include spouses or employer, or any other significant person in an adult's life. Averaging is the most effective way to combine these ratings.<br><br>Cognitive testing is an essential aspect of diagnosing ADHD in adults. It increases the specificity of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful in monitoring treatment reactions. Research has proven that cognitive testing paired with ADHD behavior rating scales are more effective than relying solely on one.<br><br>ADHD adults often have trouble comprehending the reasons behind their behavioral issues. As a result, the diagnosis of their condition could be difficult to determine. Research has shown that some of the symptoms that are most effective in identifying people suffering from ADHD are related to concentration and memory.<br><br>Adults with ADHD have a higher incidence of comorbid conditions than children. Research has shown that comorbidities could influence the subjective symptoms. Future studies [https://giles-frisk-3.mdwrite.net/15-of-the-most-popular-adhd-uk-assessment-bloggers-you-should-follow/ should i get assessed for adhd] look into the effects of medications and psychological disorders that are comorbid.<br><br>There is a wealth of research on the reliability of the scales for behavioral rating for people with ADHD. One study found that the DIVA and the BAARS-IV were most accurate. However these instruments are subjective. Researchers suggest that it is essential to obtain these ratings from reliable sources.<br><br>A structured clinical interview is an excellent method to determine the severity of adults suffering from ADHD. In addition to providing standardized questions, it includes modules that evaluate developmental information and symptomatology according to DSM criteria.<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological testing<br><br>For adults suffering from ADHD Neuropsychological and psychological testing can be extremely helpful. The tests help diagnose brain disorders and neurological injuries and can provide direction to treatment strategies.<br><br>Psychological tests can be used to measure a variety of mental functions and behavior. They are also used for diagnosing learning disabilities and developmental disabilities. These test results can be compared with that for normal people of similar age.<br><br>A neuropsychological examination is an established, comprehensive test of the brain that assesses various cognitive functions. This type of test is usually conducted by a professional such as psychiatrist or psychologist. Most tests involve answering questions and performing tasks using a computer.<br><br>Some psychological tests measure intellectual capabilities, such memory and reasoning skills, and other functions, such as attention and multitasking. These tests are intended to assess cognitive ability and not to assess injuries. One may still experience cognitive issues if they have a neurologic condition, injury or any other condition. This can cause cognitive changes.<br><br>Adult ADHD tests could include tests of attention, memory, language, or other abilities. These tests are used to distinguish between people who have disabilities and healthy individuals. Typically, ADHD patients are more distracted than healthy adults, particularly when performing tasks that require constant focus and abstract problem-solving.<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological testing for assessing adult ADHD is often employed to aid in determining an accurate diagnosis for the disorder. This is because ADHD symptoms are mainly neurocognitive in the nature. These symptoms can include problems with short-term memory and the verbal process. It is important to keep in mind that these symptoms are not the basic symptoms of the disorder.<br><br>The results of psychological and neuropsychological tests that measure ADHD in adults can be used for treatment plans and intervention strategies. The results are documented in a personal report that includes a description of the symptoms and treatment suggestions, as well as the recommendation for further investigation. Depending on the results of the test the health professional might conduct additional tests to screen for other conditions.<br><br>Comprehensive screening for ADHD in adults is conducted on one-on-one basis. During the assessment an experienced clinical psychologist examines the patient's medical history, developmental milestones, and behaviors. They also talk with the patient about his or her concernsand provides suggestions for treatment.

Latest revision as of 05:11, 23 December 2024

Assessing ADHD in Adults

The assessment of adhd in adults is essential for the proper diagnosis of this disease, which can be an overwhelming task. There are a myriad of methods for assessing adhd, including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. But just because these techniques are widely used doesn't mean that they're simple to carry out.

Interviews with parents and children

A parent/child conversation is an essential element of the assessment of children suffering from ADHD. It can provide important information to the doctor about the phenomenological and as well as ecological validity of the child’s symptoms. This information, combined with the data gathered from different sources, can be used to be used as the basis for an accurate diagnosis.

Effective interviews are built on asking the right questions. Do not ask too many questions regarding parents' personal concerns. Be cautious not to take informal observations of the child’s behavior as a form of judgement.

Pervasiveness is a crucial criterion to determine ADHD. A reliable measure of the extent to which a symptom is pervasive is CHATTI. It is a simple but time-efficient tool for assessing the total score of symptom scores reported by teachers.

The questionnaire is an additional useful tool. Questionnaires are easy to administer and have high levels of reliability. However, they can be influenced by biases in the rater.

Although the parent/child interview is an important element of the examination but it is also criticized for its lack of reliability. The exam process could cause parents to become unhappy, and for some, the interview may be a positive experience.

Clinical evaluation should be performed in conjunction with parent-child interviews. It is essential to review all records related to the child. Psychoeducational and medical records as well as test results can provide the clinician insight into the child's psychological profile.

The nature of the referral is an additional aspect to take into account. The child's behavior may indicate the need for a referral to establish an adhd assessment Uk cost (Https://glamorouslengths.com/) diagnosis. There is also the possibility of stress in the family as a potential cause of the child's problems.

An effective interview must include the right mix of standardized testing and interactions with parents/children. Interviews with children of minority groups should be conducted by an examiner who is committed to cultural norms.

The most crucial aspect of a parent/child interview with a parent is the bond the examiner establishes with the parent. The rapport, when combined with the information collected during the interview can be used to come up with an accurate diagnosis.

Overall, the interview should be seen as a positive and a necessary element in a complete and accurate evaluation of the child's behavior emotional, social, and behavioral strengths and weaknesses. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis will not only enable getting an assessment for adhd appropriate treatment plan, but could also indicate the child's course of development.

Self-report rating scales

Rating scales can be helpful in diagnosing ADHD in adults. They can be used by health professionals, parents, caregivers, and many others. There are a variety of scales for rating available and they can be used to evaluate the various behavioral issues that are associated with ADHD.

The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a questionnaire for self-report which measures ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions ask the subjects to assess their symptoms, and Part B questions inquire about the severity of these symptoms. These tests have been extensively studied and much research has been conducted to determine their precision.

ASRS has a high degree of concurrent validity. The questions are based upon DSM criteria and are designed to detect ADHD symptoms. The corresponding frequency scores provide indications of the level of the impact that symptoms have on the person's life.

Despite the ubiquity of these tools for testing however, the connection between their accuracy and actual use of the tests isn't clear. One study revealed that only 7% of children who took executive function tests, such as the StanfordBinet Scale and Attention Deficit Disorder Test, had a positive correlation between their scores and those of the ASRS.

Research on the relationship between the executive function tests and ADHD self-report scales has shown mixed results. This could be due to the lack of specificity of the tests themselves. Additionally, the results of the ADHD self-report questionnaire have been found to not correlate with the performance of attention or other components of the EF.

Although these measures aren't perfect, they are still getting an assessment for adhd excellent way to assess the probability of someone having ADHD. If someone has ADHD then the scores on these tests will be greater than 60. Typically the answer to a question like "how do you get assessed for adhd often do you experience difficulty concentration?" is a positive score, because the answers "Never," "Not Very Often," and "Always" are all negative.

Some scales could also inquire about ADHD-related disorders like depression. In reality, a shorter version of the CDC's check list for depression is available.

Interview with a structured clinical basis

In establishing a diagnosis for ADHD for adults, a clinical interview is the most popular method. This technique is often used in conjunction with other methods. These instruments include scales for assessing behavioral ratings cognitive testing, cognitive tests, and self-report measures. Combining these diagnostic tools has been shown to be more accurate than using individual tools.

Patients are asked to explain their primary symptoms in various scenarios during a clinical interview. This helps clinicians assess their impact on daily life and determine if the patient suffers from ADHD. They also provide a clearer picture of the patient's difficulty with particular ADHD symptoms.

When you are integrating ADHD behavior rating scales, it's crucial to include informants who can corroborate the patient's history. In the absence of this, it could result in over-reporting symptoms. Informants could include spouses or employer, or any other significant person in an adult's life. Averaging is the most effective way to combine these ratings.

Cognitive testing is an essential aspect of diagnosing ADHD in adults. It increases the specificity of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful in monitoring treatment reactions. Research has proven that cognitive testing paired with ADHD behavior rating scales are more effective than relying solely on one.

ADHD adults often have trouble comprehending the reasons behind their behavioral issues. As a result, the diagnosis of their condition could be difficult to determine. Research has shown that some of the symptoms that are most effective in identifying people suffering from ADHD are related to concentration and memory.

Adults with ADHD have a higher incidence of comorbid conditions than children. Research has shown that comorbidities could influence the subjective symptoms. Future studies should i get assessed for adhd look into the effects of medications and psychological disorders that are comorbid.

There is a wealth of research on the reliability of the scales for behavioral rating for people with ADHD. One study found that the DIVA and the BAARS-IV were most accurate. However these instruments are subjective. Researchers suggest that it is essential to obtain these ratings from reliable sources.

A structured clinical interview is an excellent method to determine the severity of adults suffering from ADHD. In addition to providing standardized questions, it includes modules that evaluate developmental information and symptomatology according to DSM criteria.

Psychological and neuropsychological testing

For adults suffering from ADHD Neuropsychological and psychological testing can be extremely helpful. The tests help diagnose brain disorders and neurological injuries and can provide direction to treatment strategies.

Psychological tests can be used to measure a variety of mental functions and behavior. They are also used for diagnosing learning disabilities and developmental disabilities. These test results can be compared with that for normal people of similar age.

A neuropsychological examination is an established, comprehensive test of the brain that assesses various cognitive functions. This type of test is usually conducted by a professional such as psychiatrist or psychologist. Most tests involve answering questions and performing tasks using a computer.

Some psychological tests measure intellectual capabilities, such memory and reasoning skills, and other functions, such as attention and multitasking. These tests are intended to assess cognitive ability and not to assess injuries. One may still experience cognitive issues if they have a neurologic condition, injury or any other condition. This can cause cognitive changes.

Adult ADHD tests could include tests of attention, memory, language, or other abilities. These tests are used to distinguish between people who have disabilities and healthy individuals. Typically, ADHD patients are more distracted than healthy adults, particularly when performing tasks that require constant focus and abstract problem-solving.

Psychological and neuropsychological testing for assessing adult ADHD is often employed to aid in determining an accurate diagnosis for the disorder. This is because ADHD symptoms are mainly neurocognitive in the nature. These symptoms can include problems with short-term memory and the verbal process. It is important to keep in mind that these symptoms are not the basic symptoms of the disorder.

The results of psychological and neuropsychological tests that measure ADHD in adults can be used for treatment plans and intervention strategies. The results are documented in a personal report that includes a description of the symptoms and treatment suggestions, as well as the recommendation for further investigation. Depending on the results of the test the health professional might conduct additional tests to screen for other conditions.

Comprehensive screening for ADHD in adults is conducted on one-on-one basis. During the assessment an experienced clinical psychologist examines the patient's medical history, developmental milestones, and behaviors. They also talk with the patient about his or her concernsand provides suggestions for treatment.