mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you should always stick to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users get meaning from and with each other. It is often seen as a component of language, but it is different from semantics because pragmatics focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its development and growth. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the topic. These views have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, [https://bookmarkingquest.com/story18253640/five-killer-quora-answers-on-pragmatic-kr 프라그마틱 카지노] discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database used,  무료 [https://allbookmarking.com/story18392433/the-10-scariest-things-about-pragmatic-free-slot-buff 프라그마틱 정품인증] ([https://dftsocial.com/story19025911/20-important-questions-to-to-ask-about-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff-before-you-buy-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff https://dftsocial.Com/]) as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors according to the number of publications they have. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how one utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics is to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of language affect our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered an independent discipline since it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use of language. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances and  프라그마틱 정품 ([https://bookmarkinginfo.com/story18291706/pragmatic-demo-techniques-to-simplify-your-daily-lifethe-one-pragmatic-demo-trick-that-should-be-used-by-everyone-be-able-to bookmarkinginfo.Com]) the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more depth. Both papers discuss the notions a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same word can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it's polite in some cultures to keep eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It analyzes the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the main issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they're the identical.<br><br>The debate between these positions is usually a back and forth affair scholars argue that certain phenomena fall under the umbrella of semantics or pragmatics. For example some scholars believe that if an expression has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics,  [https://mysocialfeeder.com/story3671142/20-things-you-must-be-educated-about-pragmatic-play 프라그마틱 슬롯], [https://bookmarkingdelta.com/story18276430/how-pragmatic-experience-altered-my-life-for-the-better https://bookmarkingdelta.com/Story18276430/how-pragmatic-Experience-altered-my-life-for-the-better], whereas other argue that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different view in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one among many ways that the expression can be understood and that all interpretations are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side, attempting to capture the full scope of the possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by describing how a speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so reliable when contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It is in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users gain meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a component of language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research it is still young and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It is also applied to social and  프라그마틱 슬롯 팁 ([http://gdchuanxin.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=4154831 Gdchuanxin.Com]) cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on the database utilized. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their ranking differs based on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics solely based on the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and  [http://www.pcsq28.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=325455 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작] Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use instead of focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that hearers use to determine if words are meant to be a communication. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our beliefs about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a few key issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for  [https://maps.google.cat/url?q=http://valetinowiki.racing/index.php?title=mosleybrock7694 프라그마틱 정품] instance, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It examines how language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Certain practical approaches have been put with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of words to objects that they could or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' of the words spoken are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is appropriate to say in various situations. For instance, it is polite in some cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. Some of the main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics, and [https://bookmarkstore.download/story.php?title=how-pragmatic-recommendations-became-the-hottest-trend-of-2024 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] 사이트 ([https://maps.google.gg/url?q=http://bioimagingcore.be/q2a/user/musicisland8 her explanation]) philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in various directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics such as the role of lexical elements, the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to give a rigorous and systematic account of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics. On the other hand, others argue that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has sought to combine both approaches in an effort to comprehend the entire range of interpretive possibilities for an utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 10:17, 21 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It is in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your convictions.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users gain meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a component of language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning is.

As a field of research it is still young and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.

There are a variety of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have researched.

The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It is also applied to social and 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁 (Gdchuanxin.Com) cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on the database utilized. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their ranking differs based on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics solely based on the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작 Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use instead of focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that hearers use to determine if words are meant to be a communication. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another debate is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our beliefs about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.

This debate has been fueled by a few key issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for 프라그마틱 정품 instance, that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It examines how language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Certain practical approaches have been put with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also different views about the line between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of words to objects that they could or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' of the words spoken are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is appropriate to say in various situations. For instance, it is polite in some cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. Some of the main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.

How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics, and 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 사이트 (her explanation) philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in various directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics such as the role of lexical elements, the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to give a rigorous and systematic account of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics. On the other hand, others argue that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has sought to combine both approaches in an effort to comprehend the entire range of interpretive possibilities for an utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.