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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the connection between language and context. It deals with questions such as What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users gain meaning from and each one another. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the subject. These views have contributed to the variety of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However, [https://bookmarking.stream/story.php?title=7-small-changes-that-will-make-an-enormous-difference-to-your-free-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] their rank is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on the methods that listeners employ to determine whether phrases are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence's meaning is a part of semantics. Others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered distinct from the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this research should be considered an independent discipline because it studies the ways that cultural and 프라그마틱 무료게임 ([https://lovebookmark.win/story.php?title=an-pragmatic-slots-experience-success-story-youll-never-be-able-to https://lovebookmark.win/story.php?title=an-pragmatic-slots-experience-success-story-youll-never-be-able-to]) social influences influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of language. It examines how language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatics theories have been merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical consequences of saying something. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an utterance is already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is acceptable to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics like syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which focuses on aspects like lexical features and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and [https://yourbookmark.stream/story.php?title=how-much-do-pragmatic-free-trial-experts-make-7 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] 홈페이지 ([https://www.google.co.zm/url?q=https://www.metooo.co.uk/u/66ec3c319854826d167668f3 read review]) semantics are really the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to go back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others argue that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways in which the word can be interpreted, and that all interpretations are valid. This is commonly referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust in comparison to other possible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you should always stick to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a part or language, but it is different from semantics since it is focused on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been growing rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These views have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, however their ranking varies by database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language rather than with truth grammar, reference, or. It examines the ways in which one phrase can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear how they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it examines how our notions of the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it studies how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It examines how language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views about the line between pragmatics and [https://pragmatic-korea78999.elbloglibre.com/29789720/7-small-changes-you-can-make-that-ll-make-an-enormous-difference-to-your-pragmatic-free-game 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language in a context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, [https://seolistlinks.com/story19387058/it-s-time-to-extend-your-pragmatic-options 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] [https://hyperbookmarks.com/story18090054/this-is-the-intermediate-guide-on-pragmatic-image 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작][https://socialevity.com/story19845293/what-is-the-reason-adding-a-key-word-to-your-life-s-routine-will-make-the-different 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] ([https://bookmarkbirth.com/story18047548/15-best-pragmatic-genuine-bloggers-you-must-follow Https://Bookmarkbirth.com/]) the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics like the importance of lexical elements, the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic account of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they're the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these positions is often a tussle and scholars arguing that particular instances are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. For  [https://pragmatickr-com33333.blogars.com/ 프라그마틱 정품확인] example certain scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one among many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Revision as of 11:01, 25 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you should always stick to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a part or language, but it is different from semantics since it is focused on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.

As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been growing rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These views have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.

The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, however their ranking varies by database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language rather than with truth grammar, reference, or. It examines the ways in which one phrase can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear how they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it examines how our notions of the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories of how languages work.

This debate has been fueled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have suggested, for example, that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it studies how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the overall meaning of an expression.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It examines how language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and philosophy.

There are also different views about the line between pragmatics and 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?

The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language in a context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.

In recent times, 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 (Https://Bookmarkbirth.com/) the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. There is a variety of research that is conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics like the importance of lexical elements, the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic account of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they're the same thing.

The debate between these positions is often a tussle and scholars arguing that particular instances are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. For 프라그마틱 정품확인 example certain scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one among many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.