Created page with "Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>Analyzing the prevalence of adhd in adulthood is essential to establish the right diagnosis of the disorder, which can be an overwhelming task. There are a variety of methods for assessing adhd, including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. However, just because these tests are common doesn't mean they're easy to implement.<br><br>Parent/child interview<br><br>An essential component of [https://www.buzzbii.com/pos..."
 
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Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>Analyzing the prevalence of adhd in adulthood is essential to establish the right diagnosis of the disorder, which can be an overwhelming task. There are a variety of methods for assessing adhd, including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. However, just because these tests are common doesn't mean they're easy to implement.<br><br>Parent/child interview<br><br>An essential component of [https://www.buzzbii.com/post/1745827_https-zenwriting-net-carphorn68-5-killer-quora-answers-to-adhd-assessment-near-m.html adhd assessment liverpool] evaluations is the parent/child interaction. It can provide important information to the doctor about the phenomenological as well being the ecological validity of the child's symptoms. This information should be combined with data from other sources to help establish an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>Effective interviews are built on asking specific questions. Don't ask too many questions about parents' personal concerns. Be cautious not to interpret informal observations of the child's behavior as a judgement.<br><br>Pervasiveness is one of the most important criteria to determine ADHD. CHATTI is a reliable indicator of the pervasiveness of symptoms. It is easy and effective in evaluating teacher-reported total symptoms scores.<br><br>Another helpful tool is the questionnaire. They are simple to administer and can show high levels of reliability. However, they could be influenced by biases in the rater.<br><br>Although the interview with the parent is an important component of the test but it is also critiqued for its lack of reliability. Parents can be unnecessarily frustrated through the process of examination, and the interview may be a cathartic experience for them.<br><br>Clinical evaluation should be performed in conjunction with parent-child interviews. A thorough review of the child's prior documents should be conducted. The clinician can get an understanding of the child's psychological profile by looking over his or her medical and psychoeducational records.<br><br>Other factors that should be considered include the reason of the referral. A child's behavior problems could suggest the need for a referral to establish an ADHD diagnosis. There is also the possibility of stress from the family as a potential cause of the child's issues.<br><br>An effective interview should comprise an array of tests that are standard as well as interactions between parents and children. If the examiner is going to conduct an interview with a child of a minority it is imperative that they take every effort to follow the standards of the culture.<br><br>The most significant aspect of an interview between a child and a parental figure is the relationship the examiner builds with the parent. The rapport, in conjunction with the information that is gathered during the interview can be used to develop an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>Overall, the interview should be viewed as an essential and positive part of an extensive and accurate assessment of the child's behavioral, social, and emotional strengths and weaknesses. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis will not only allow for appropriate treatment, but can also help determine the child's stage of development.<br><br>Self-report rating scales<br><br>Rating scales can be useful in making a diagnosis of ADHD in adults. They can be utilized by healthcare professionals, parents caregivers, and others. There are many scales of assessment that can be used in assessing the behavioral symptoms of ADHD.<br><br>The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a self-report questionnaire which measures ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions require subjects to rate their symptoms Part B questions are designed to test the severity of those symptoms. These tests have been extensively researched and a lot of research has been conducted to determine their reliability.<br><br>ASRS has high concurrent validity. Furthermore, the questions are built on DSM criteria, and they are designed to be able to detect signs of ADHD. The frequency scores indicate the severity of the symptoms' effect on the daily activities of the patient.<br><br>Despite the increasing popularity of these tools for testing however, the relationship between their accuracy and the actual diagnostic use of these tests isn't evident. One study found that only 7 percent of children who took executive function tests, like the StanfordBinet Scale or the Attention Deficit Disorder Test, had an positive correlation between their scores and the results of the ASRS.<br><br>Research on the relationship between the executive function tests and ADHD self-report scales has shown mixed results. This could be due the lack of specificity of the tests themselves. The ADHD self-report results have not been demonstrated to be correlated with attentional performance, or other components of the EF.<br><br>These tests aren't perfect however they can be used to determine the likelihood of someone with ADHD. These tests will reveal ADHD when scores are higher than 60. A question like "How often do you experience problems with your concentration?" is a common answer. will be scored positively, because the answers "Never," "Not Very Often," and "Always" are all negative.<br><br>Some scales could also inquire about ADHD-related problems such as depression. In fact, a cut-down version of the CDC's check list for depression is available.<br><br>Interview with a structured clinical basis<br><br>In establishing a diagnosis of ADHD in adults, a clinical interview is the most widely used method. This method is utilized in conjunction with several other tools. These tools include behavioral testing, cognitive testing scales and self-report measures. Combining these diagnostic tools has proven to be more accurate than individual tools.<br><br>Patients are asked to describe their primary symptoms in various scenarios during a clinical interview. This allows clinicians to assess the impact of their symptoms on their daily lives and to determine if the patient suffers from [https://gsean.lvziku.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1167362 adhd assessment cost]. These charts also provide a better picture of the patient's issues with specific ADHD symptoms.<br><br>When integrating ADHD behavior rating scales, it is crucial to include people who adhd assessment ([https://nativ.media:443/wiki/index.php?voicegrape8 nativ.media]) can corroborate the patient's history. Inadequate information can lead to over-reporting symptoms. Informants could be spouses or employer, as well as any other important adult in the life of. Averaging is the best method to combine these ratings.<br><br>Cognitive testing is a crucial element in diagnosing ADHD in adults. It improves the specificity and reliability of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful in monitoring treatment response. Some studies show that using cognitive testing in conjunction with ADHD behavior rating scales is more effective than relying solely on one or the other.<br><br>ADHD adults are often having difficulty understanding the cause of their behavior issues. It can be difficult to determine ADHD. Research has proven that ADHD symptoms such as concentration and memory are among the most effective indicators of ADHD in adults.<br><br>Adults suffering from ADHD have a higher incidence of comorbidities than children. Research suggests that comorbidities can affect the subjective symptoms. Future studies should look into the effects of medications and comorbid psychological conditions.<br><br>There has been a lot of research conducted regarding the reliability and accuracy of scales for behavioral ratings used to identify ADHD in adults. One study showed that the [http://www.lspandeng.com.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=341221 diva assessment for adhd] was the most accurate and the BAARS-IV the most inaccurate. These tools are subjective. Researchers suggest that you seek these ratings from experts.<br><br>A structured clinical interview is a wonderful tool for assessing adults suffering from ADHD. It doesn't just gather standardized questions but also contains modules that evaluate developmental data and symptomatology based on DSM criteria.<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological testing<br><br>For adults suffering from ADHD, neuropsychological and psychological tests can be extremely beneficial. These tests can aid in diagnosing brain disorders or neurological injuries and can provide guidance for treatment strategies.<br><br>Psychological tests can be used to measure various mental functions and behavior. They can also be used to determine the presence of developmental disabilities and learning difficulties. The results of these tests can be compared to the results of normal individuals of similar age.<br><br>A neuropsychological assessment, which is a comprehensive standardized test of the brain that measures various mental functions, is known as a neuropsychological assessment. This type of testing is usually administered by a professional like psychologist or psychiatrist. The most common tests require answering questions and performing tasks on a PC.<br><br>Some psychological tests measure intellectual abilities, including reasoning and memory and other abilities, like attention and multitasking. These tests are intended to assess cognitive ability and not to gauge injury. People can have cognitive problems if they suffer from an injury, neurologic disorder or other ailments. These can cause cognitive impairment.<br><br>Tests for ADHD for adults could include tests of attention memory, memory, language and other abilities. They are designed to reveal differences in mental performance between healthy people and those who have an impairment. ADHD sufferers are more distracted than healthy adults, especially when they are required to concentrate on abstract problems and sustained attention.<br><br>To aid in the diagnosis of ADHD in adults, psychological and neuropsychological tests are frequently employed. ADHD symptoms tend to be neurocognitive. These symptoms can include problems with short-term memory and the verbal process. It is important to remember that these are just core symptoms of the disorder.<br><br>The results of the psychological and neuropsychological tests used to evaluate ADHD in adults can be used to develop treatment plans and intervention strategies. The results are documented in a report for each individual that includes a description the symptoms, treatment recommendations, and the recommendation for further investigation. The results of the test could be used to identify other ailments.<br><br>A one-on-one evaluation [https://maps.google.com.ua/url?q=https://telegra.ph/5-Laws-That-Anyone-Working-In-ADHD-Assessment-Cardiff-Should-Be-Aware-Of-10-11 assessed for adhd] ADHD in adults takes place. A trained clinical psychologist will evaluate the patient's medical history, developmental milestones , and behaviors during the assessment. He or she also speaks with the patient about their issues, and offers suggestions for treatment.
Assessing ADHD in Adults<br><br>It is crucial to assess people suffering from adhd to make an accurate diagnosis. This isn't an easy task. There are numerous ways to evaluate adhd including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. But just because these techniques are well-known doesn't mean that they are easy to execute.<br><br>Interview with a parent or child<br><br>A parent/child interview is a crucial part of the evaluation of children suffering from ADHD. It provides the doctor with important information regarding the phenomenological and ecological validity of the child's symptoms. The information provided should be compared with other information to aid in making an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>Effective interviews are based on asking the right questions. Do not ask too many questions about parents' personal issues. Be careful not to interpret too much informal observations about the child's behavior.<br><br>The most important criterion used to determine ADHD is its pervasiveness. A reliable measure of the degree of pervasiveness of symptoms is CHATTI. It is easy and effective in evaluating teacher-reported total symptoms scores.<br><br>Another useful tool is the questionnaire. The questionnaire is simple to use and has a high degree of reliability. They could be influenced by bias of the rater.<br><br>Although the parent/child interview is a significant component of the test but it is also criticized for its lack of reliability. Parents may be overwhelmed with the exam process and the process could be a healing experience [http://palangshim.com/space-uid-2595646.html getting assessed for adhd] them.<br><br>Clinical evaluation should be conducted in conjunction with parent/child interviews. A thorough review of the child's previous records should be conducted. Medical and psychoeducational records, as well as test results, may give the psychologist insight into the child's psychological profile.<br><br>Other factors to be considered include the reason of the referral. A referral for an ADHD diagnosis may be indicated by a child's behavior problems. Family stress could also be a source of symptoms of ADHD.<br><br>A great interview should contain a mix of standardized testing as well as interaction between parents and children. If the examiner plans to conduct an interview with a minority child the examiner should try to follow the standards of the culture.<br><br>The most crucial aspect of an interview with a child or parent parent is the relationship that the examiner builds with the parent. The rapport, in conjunction with the information that is gathered during the interview can be used to come up with an accurate diagnosis.<br><br>In the end, the interview should be considered an effective and necessary part of an extensive and accurate evaluation of the child's behavior emotional, social, and behavioral strengths and weaknesses. Making an accurate diagnosis will not only allow for the right treatment, but it can also help determine the child's stage of development.<br><br>Self-report scales of rating<br><br>Rating scales can be useful in diagnosing ADHD in adults. They can be utilized by healthcare professionals and other providers such as parents and caregivers, and many others. There are many scales of assessment that can be used to assess ADHD's behavioral signs.<br><br>The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a questionnaire for self-report which measures ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions ask subjects to assess their symptoms. Part B questions test the severity of symptoms. These two tests have been thoroughly studied and there's an abundance of research on their accuracy.<br><br>ASRS has a high degree of concurrent validity. The questions are based upon DSM criteria and are designed to identify ADHD symptoms. The frequency scores are cues as to the degree of the impact of symptoms on the person's life.<br><br>Despite the widespread use of these tools for testing, the correlation between their accuracy and the actual diagnostic value of these tests is not obvious. One study found that only 7 percent of children who took an executive function test such as the Stanford-Binet scale or the Attention Deficit Disorder Test, found a positive correlation between those tests and the results of the ASRS.<br><br>There are mixed results in research studies that have examined the relationship between ADHD self-report scales and tests of executive function. This could be due to the insufficient specificity of the tests themselves. The [http://ezproxy.cityu.edu.hk/login?url=https://fakenews.win/wiki/10_Quick_Tips_About_Assessment_Of_ADHD adhd assessment] self-report questionnaire results have not been shown to correlate with attentional performance, or other components of the EF.<br><br>While these tests aren't perfect, they're an excellent method of assessing the possibility of having ADHD. These tests will reveal ADHD when scores are greater than 60. Typically, the answer to a question such as "[http://80.82.64.206/user/bettypig75 how to get assessed for adhd] often do you experience difficulty concentrating?" You will score high because the answers "Never", "Not Very Often" and "Always," are all negative.<br><br>Some rating scales also inquire about other conditions such as depression that could be a result of ADHD. In fact, a shortened version of the CDC's checklist for depression is available.<br><br>Interview with a structured clinical basis<br><br>A clinical interview is the most widely used method to determine ADHD in adults. This method is often used together with other tools. These tools include behavioral testing, cognitive testing scales as well as self-report measurements. Combining these diagnostic tools has been proven to be more accurate than the individual tools.<br><br>In a medical interview the patient will describe their primary symptoms in different settings. Clinicians can assess the impact of their symptoms on their daily lives and determine if the patient suffers from ADHD. These charts also give an improved picture of the patient's struggles with specific ADHD symptoms.<br><br>It is important to include people who can confirm the patient's history when integrating ADHD behavior rating systems. Inability to do this could result in over-reporting symptoms. Informants could be a spouse, employer, and any other important person in the adult's life. Averaging is the best method to combine these ratings.<br><br>Cognitive testing plays a crucial part in diagnosing ADHD in adults. It improves the precision of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful in monitoring the treatment response. Some studies show that using cognitive testing in conjunction with ADHD behavior rating scales is more effective than relying only on one or the other.<br><br>Adults suffering from ADHD often have difficulties understanding the cause of their behavioral problems. It can be difficult to diagnose ADHD. Research has revealed that some the symptoms that are most effective in identifying adults suffering from ADHD are those related to memory and concentration.<br><br>[https://bbs.pku.edu.cn/v2/jump-to.php?url=https://marvelvsdc.faith/wiki/10_Mobile_Apps_That_Are_The_Best_For_ADHD_Diagnostic_Assessment adhd assessment london] adults have a higher percentage of comorbidities than ADHD children. Research suggests that comorbidities can affect the subjective symptoms. Future studies [https://www.question-ksa.com/user/clubdoubt47 should i get an adhd assessment] study the effects of medication and psychological disorders that are comorbid.<br><br>The research has been conducted extensively on the accuracy and reliability of scales for behavioral ratings used to detect ADHD in adults. One study found that the DIVA and the BAARS-IV were most accurate. However these tools are subjective. Researchers recommend to obtain these ratings from experts.<br><br>A structured clinical interview is a fantastic tool to assess adults with ADHD. It is not just a collection of standardized questions , but also includes modules that examine developmental data as well as symptomatology according to DSM criteria.<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological tests<br><br>Psychological and neuropsychological tests to evaluate ADHD in adults are useful instruments. These tests can help diagnose brain disorders and neurological injuries, and provide guidance to treatment strategies.<br><br>Psychological tests evaluate a range of mental functioning and behavior. They can also be used to diagnose learning disabilities and developmental disabilities. These test results can be compared with that for normal people [https://www.google.pt/url?q=https://longshots.wiki/wiki/Ten_Myths_About_ADHD_Assessments_Near_Me_That_Arent_Always_True Cost of adhd assessment uk] similar age.<br><br>A neuropsychological evaluation, which is a comprehensive and standardized test of the brain that measures various mental functions, is called a neuropsychological assessment. This type of testing is typically administered by a professional, like psychologists or psychiatrists. Typical tests involve answering questionnaires as well as performing tasks on the computer.<br><br>Psychological tests are a way to measure intelligence, such as memory and reasoning abilities along with other functions such as multitasking and attention. These kinds of tests are designed to estimate cognitive abilities without injury. However, people can still have cognitive issues due to a neurologic condition or injury that could cause cognitive changes.<br><br>Tests for ADHD for adults can include tests of attention, memory, language, and other capacities. These tests are used to distinguish between people who have disabilities and healthy individuals. ADHD sufferers are more distracted than healthy adults, particularly when they are required to concentrate on abstract problems solving and pay attention for long periods of time.<br><br>To aid in diagnosing ADHD in adults, psychological and neuropsychological tests are frequently used. ADHD symptoms tend to be neurocognitive. These symptoms include issues with short-term memory and verbal process. These symptoms are not the only signs of the disorder.<br><br>The results of neuropsychological and psychological tests to assess ADHD in adults can be used to create treatment plans and an intervention strategy. Results are written up in a personal report which includes a description of the symptoms along with treatment recommendations and recommendations for further investigation. Based on the results of the test the doctor may provide additional tests to test for other conditions.<br><br>A one-on-one assessment for ADHD for adults takes place. During the evaluation, a certified clinical psychologist evaluates a patient's medical history as well as developmental milestones and behaviors. He or she also speaks to the patient about his or her issues, and offers suggestions for treatment.

Latest revision as of 15:12, 20 December 2024

Assessing ADHD in Adults

It is crucial to assess people suffering from adhd to make an accurate diagnosis. This isn't an easy task. There are numerous ways to evaluate adhd including structured clinical interviews and self-report rating scales. But just because these techniques are well-known doesn't mean that they are easy to execute.

Interview with a parent or child

A parent/child interview is a crucial part of the evaluation of children suffering from ADHD. It provides the doctor with important information regarding the phenomenological and ecological validity of the child's symptoms. The information provided should be compared with other information to aid in making an accurate diagnosis.

Effective interviews are based on asking the right questions. Do not ask too many questions about parents' personal issues. Be careful not to interpret too much informal observations about the child's behavior.

The most important criterion used to determine ADHD is its pervasiveness. A reliable measure of the degree of pervasiveness of symptoms is CHATTI. It is easy and effective in evaluating teacher-reported total symptoms scores.

Another useful tool is the questionnaire. The questionnaire is simple to use and has a high degree of reliability. They could be influenced by bias of the rater.

Although the parent/child interview is a significant component of the test but it is also criticized for its lack of reliability. Parents may be overwhelmed with the exam process and the process could be a healing experience getting assessed for adhd them.

Clinical evaluation should be conducted in conjunction with parent/child interviews. A thorough review of the child's previous records should be conducted. Medical and psychoeducational records, as well as test results, may give the psychologist insight into the child's psychological profile.

Other factors to be considered include the reason of the referral. A referral for an ADHD diagnosis may be indicated by a child's behavior problems. Family stress could also be a source of symptoms of ADHD.

A great interview should contain a mix of standardized testing as well as interaction between parents and children. If the examiner plans to conduct an interview with a minority child the examiner should try to follow the standards of the culture.

The most crucial aspect of an interview with a child or parent parent is the relationship that the examiner builds with the parent. The rapport, in conjunction with the information that is gathered during the interview can be used to come up with an accurate diagnosis.

In the end, the interview should be considered an effective and necessary part of an extensive and accurate evaluation of the child's behavior emotional, social, and behavioral strengths and weaknesses. Making an accurate diagnosis will not only allow for the right treatment, but it can also help determine the child's stage of development.

Self-report scales of rating

Rating scales can be useful in diagnosing ADHD in adults. They can be utilized by healthcare professionals and other providers such as parents and caregivers, and many others. There are many scales of assessment that can be used to assess ADHD's behavioral signs.

The Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) is a questionnaire for self-report which measures ADHD in adults. Its v1.1 version contains 18 questions. Part A questions ask subjects to assess their symptoms. Part B questions test the severity of symptoms. These two tests have been thoroughly studied and there's an abundance of research on their accuracy.

ASRS has a high degree of concurrent validity. The questions are based upon DSM criteria and are designed to identify ADHD symptoms. The frequency scores are cues as to the degree of the impact of symptoms on the person's life.

Despite the widespread use of these tools for testing, the correlation between their accuracy and the actual diagnostic value of these tests is not obvious. One study found that only 7 percent of children who took an executive function test such as the Stanford-Binet scale or the Attention Deficit Disorder Test, found a positive correlation between those tests and the results of the ASRS.

There are mixed results in research studies that have examined the relationship between ADHD self-report scales and tests of executive function. This could be due to the insufficient specificity of the tests themselves. The adhd assessment self-report questionnaire results have not been shown to correlate with attentional performance, or other components of the EF.

While these tests aren't perfect, they're an excellent method of assessing the possibility of having ADHD. These tests will reveal ADHD when scores are greater than 60. Typically, the answer to a question such as "how to get assessed for adhd often do you experience difficulty concentrating?" You will score high because the answers "Never", "Not Very Often" and "Always," are all negative.

Some rating scales also inquire about other conditions such as depression that could be a result of ADHD. In fact, a shortened version of the CDC's checklist for depression is available.

Interview with a structured clinical basis

A clinical interview is the most widely used method to determine ADHD in adults. This method is often used together with other tools. These tools include behavioral testing, cognitive testing scales as well as self-report measurements. Combining these diagnostic tools has been proven to be more accurate than the individual tools.

In a medical interview the patient will describe their primary symptoms in different settings. Clinicians can assess the impact of their symptoms on their daily lives and determine if the patient suffers from ADHD. These charts also give an improved picture of the patient's struggles with specific ADHD symptoms.

It is important to include people who can confirm the patient's history when integrating ADHD behavior rating systems. Inability to do this could result in over-reporting symptoms. Informants could be a spouse, employer, and any other important person in the adult's life. Averaging is the best method to combine these ratings.

Cognitive testing plays a crucial part in diagnosing ADHD in adults. It improves the precision of the assessment battery. It is particularly useful in monitoring the treatment response. Some studies show that using cognitive testing in conjunction with ADHD behavior rating scales is more effective than relying only on one or the other.

Adults suffering from ADHD often have difficulties understanding the cause of their behavioral problems. It can be difficult to diagnose ADHD. Research has revealed that some the symptoms that are most effective in identifying adults suffering from ADHD are those related to memory and concentration.

adhd assessment london adults have a higher percentage of comorbidities than ADHD children. Research suggests that comorbidities can affect the subjective symptoms. Future studies should i get an adhd assessment study the effects of medication and psychological disorders that are comorbid.

The research has been conducted extensively on the accuracy and reliability of scales for behavioral ratings used to detect ADHD in adults. One study found that the DIVA and the BAARS-IV were most accurate. However these tools are subjective. Researchers recommend to obtain these ratings from experts.

A structured clinical interview is a fantastic tool to assess adults with ADHD. It is not just a collection of standardized questions , but also includes modules that examine developmental data as well as symptomatology according to DSM criteria.

Psychological and neuropsychological tests

Psychological and neuropsychological tests to evaluate ADHD in adults are useful instruments. These tests can help diagnose brain disorders and neurological injuries, and provide guidance to treatment strategies.

Psychological tests evaluate a range of mental functioning and behavior. They can also be used to diagnose learning disabilities and developmental disabilities. These test results can be compared with that for normal people Cost of adhd assessment uk similar age.

A neuropsychological evaluation, which is a comprehensive and standardized test of the brain that measures various mental functions, is called a neuropsychological assessment. This type of testing is typically administered by a professional, like psychologists or psychiatrists. Typical tests involve answering questionnaires as well as performing tasks on the computer.

Psychological tests are a way to measure intelligence, such as memory and reasoning abilities along with other functions such as multitasking and attention. These kinds of tests are designed to estimate cognitive abilities without injury. However, people can still have cognitive issues due to a neurologic condition or injury that could cause cognitive changes.

Tests for ADHD for adults can include tests of attention, memory, language, and other capacities. These tests are used to distinguish between people who have disabilities and healthy individuals. ADHD sufferers are more distracted than healthy adults, particularly when they are required to concentrate on abstract problems solving and pay attention for long periods of time.

To aid in diagnosing ADHD in adults, psychological and neuropsychological tests are frequently used. ADHD symptoms tend to be neurocognitive. These symptoms include issues with short-term memory and verbal process. These symptoms are not the only signs of the disorder.

The results of neuropsychological and psychological tests to assess ADHD in adults can be used to create treatment plans and an intervention strategy. Results are written up in a personal report which includes a description of the symptoms along with treatment recommendations and recommendations for further investigation. Based on the results of the test the doctor may provide additional tests to test for other conditions.

A one-on-one assessment for ADHD for adults takes place. During the evaluation, a certified clinical psychologist evaluates a patient's medical history as well as developmental milestones and behaviors. He or she also speaks to the patient about his or her issues, and offers suggestions for treatment.