Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal factors CLKs' understanding of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they could draw on were significant. RIs from TS and ZL, for example mentioned their local professor relationship as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see the example 2).
This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic fundamental topics like:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. For example, the DCT cannot account for cultural and personal variations in communication. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT is prone to bias and may cause overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 more stages to influence the social variables that are related to politeness can be a strength. This feature can be used to study the impact of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to examine various aspects that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical selection. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of the learners' speech.
Recent research utilized an DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing, including a questionnaire and video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection.
DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test developers. They are not necessarily precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of assessing refusal ability.
In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and traditionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' choices when it comes to using Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared to their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. In addition, the interviewees were asked to explain their decision to use pragmatic language in a particular situation.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, 무료 프라그마틱 정품 사이트, historydb.date, which led to a lack of knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to move towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days of the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders who then coded them. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how well the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The central problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question using a variety of experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they could create native-like patterns. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also mentioned external factors, like relational benefits. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors facilitated an easier performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural norms of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could be subject to if they violated their social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might perceive them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their relevance in specific scenarios and in different cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultures on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses various sources of data like interviews, observations, and documents to support its findings. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help you determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to study the literature that is relevant to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and place the case study within a larger theoretical context.
This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] and its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, 프라그마틱 플레이 which further hampered their quality of response.
The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and were aiming to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and perception of the world.
The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and were asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. TS, for example stated that she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she believed native Koreans would.