Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances, as well as the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. The RIs from TS & ZL, for example, cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 in their rational decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic issues such as:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in pragmatic research. It has many strengths but it also has a few drawbacks. For example the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. Therefore, it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness can be a strength. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to study a variety of issues such as politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners their speech.
Recent research used an DCT as tool to evaluate the ability to resist of EFL students. Participants were given a list of scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the choices provided. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also recommended using other methods of data collection.
DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작 the form. These criterion are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test creators. They aren't always accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further studies of alternative methods of assessing refusal competence.
A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also required to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to defy native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences, as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
First, the MQ data were analysed to determine the participants' rational choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬 we compared their choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. In addition, the interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular situation.
The results of the MQs, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found employ euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preference for converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders, were then coded. The coding process was iterative and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results are then evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine if they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The most important problem in the field of pragmatic research is: why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question with various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their answers. They did this even when they could produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, such as relational affordances. They outlined, for instance how their relations with their professors enabled them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were worried that their local friends might consider them "foreigners" and believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar in nature to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their applicability in specific situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better know how different cultures may impact the pragmatic behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that employs intensive, participant-centered research to investigate a specific topic. This method makes use of multiple data sources including documents, interviews, and observations, to prove its findings. This type of investigation is ideal for studying unique or complex subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.
In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject are important for research and which are best left out. It is also helpful to review existing literature related to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and to place the case study within a wider theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of the prompts, deviating from accurate pragmatic inference. They also exhibited a strong tendency to include their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, 프라그마틱 which further hampered their quality of response.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year of university and were hoping to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding and knowledge of the world.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each involving an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making an inquiry. They were then asked to explain the reasons behind their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 and she therefore did not want to inquire about the well-being of her friend with the burden of a job despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would ask.