Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances and 프라그마틱 사이트 무료 프라그마틱 (source website) learning-internal factors, were significant. For instance, RIs from TS and 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their decision to not criticize the strictness of a professor (see the second example).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on practical important topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT for instance, 프라그마틱 데모 무료, www.Leftkick.Com, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. Additionally the DCT is susceptible to bias and can cause overgeneralizations. Therefore, it must be carefully analyzed prior to using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a strength. This can assist researchers understand the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most important tools for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to study various issues, including manner of speaking, turn-taking, and the use of lexical terms. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners their speech.
A recent study utilized an DCT to evaluate EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with various scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the options provided. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be designed using specific linguistic criteria, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They aren't always correct, and they could incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more research into alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT promoted more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked for reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life experiences as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data were analysed to determine the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared to their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular scenario.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic words like "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The code was re-coded repeatedly, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding were compared to the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.
Interviews for refusal
A key question of pragmatic research is why some learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research has attempted to answer this question by using several experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not adhere to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce patterns that resembled natives. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors such as relational affordances. They described, for example, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they might be subjected to if they strayed from their social norms. They were worried that their native friends may view them as "foreignersand believe that they are incompetent. This concern was similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the preferred norm for Korean learners. They could still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will enable them to better understand how different cultural environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 students in the classroom and beyond. Additionally, this will help educators create more effective methods for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that focuses on intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. This method utilizes various sources of data, such as interviews, observations, and documents, to support its findings. This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to quantify with other methods.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject are important for research and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the topic and to place the case study within a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further reducing their response quality.
Furthermore, the participants of this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 for their next test. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world.
Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.