Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to tap into the benefits of relationships and the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as an important reason for them to choose to avoid expressing criticism of a strict professor (see the example 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on practical core topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has its drawbacks. The DCT is one example. It is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness is a plus. This characteristic can be utilized to study the role of prosody in different cultural contexts.
In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to examine various issues that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to determine phonological complexity in learners' speech.
A recent study utilized the DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the most appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like form and 프라그마틱 슬롯 content. These criteria are based on intuition and is based on the assumptions made by the test creators. They are not necessarily precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further studies of different methods of assessing refusal competence.
In a recent research study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with those from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally indirect requests and utilized less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs are more likely to resist native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current life experiences as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. The interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular scenario.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and 프라그마틱 이미지 z-tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic words like "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to a lack of understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타 and 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 then coded by two independent coders. Coding was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they reflected the actual behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
A key question of pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research sought to answer this question by using a variety of experimental tools including DCTs MQs and 슬롯 RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing lives. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and affordances. They also discussed, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties that they could be subject to if they violated the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might view them as "foreignersand consider them incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reconsider their applicability in specific situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better know how different cultures can affect the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. Additionally, this will help educators develop more effective methodologies to teach and test the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of research is ideal for studying specific or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
The first step in the case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are essential to study and which could be left out. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and to place the case study within a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an unnatural tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from their quality of response.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year at university and hoped to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and so she did not want to inquire about the well-being of her friend with a heavy workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do so.