Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A wheelchair ramp is an important tool for helping a loved one to live at home independently. If they are not designed properly they could be dangerous to use.
ADA regulations require level landings at all changes in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They also must provide a gripping surface for 3ft wheelchair ramp users.
Design
The ramp's design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to move around the structure easily. For example, the ramp slope must not exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have landings that are level at any direction change or shift in the ramp's surface. It must be constructed of treated lumber that is more durable than lumber that is not treated and is able to withstand rain better.
The ramp's top and bottom must be free of any obstacles like trees or bushes, or any other structures which could hinder the safety of the user. Additionally, the surface of the ramp must be smooth and non-slip. Certain municipalities require the use of an anti-slip surface running along the ramp's entire length.
Use treated lumber of at minimum four inches wide for the ramp frame. Make posts to support the ramp, making sure they are at least eight feet apart, and that they extend above the ground level. The posts should be connected with the ramp's railings by using spindles. This kind of connection minimizes the chance of a ramp user falling off the ramp.
Then, build the ramp's frame with beams of 2 by 4 inches in size and joists that are at minimum 16 inches long. The joists should be placed at least 18 inches above the ground and secured using joist hangings which are nails that sit within the joists, preventing them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.
Create an upper landing in the doorway to enable wheelchair occupants to manage the doorswing with ease. This landing should provide 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. The landing for in-swinging doors should be 58 x 60 inches to accommodate the threshold of the door and a wheelchair user who has to go backwards through the doorway.
Install a level landing when you change the direction of the ramp to prevent wheelchairs from having to slam their brakes at corners. A level landing makes it easier to move a ramp out of the way if required, so that lawnmowers and other equipment can be able to pass underneath it.
Materials
Aluminium, wood, or concrete can be used to construct a wheelchair ramp. A professional ramp installation company can help you decide which is best for your home or business. It is important to consider your budget and needs when selecting the materials for the ramp. The ramp must also be easy to maintain and safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface.
Be sure to inquire with your local government for permits prior to building or purchasing materials. Also, make sure to adhere to all local building codes. Incorrect construction materials or techniques can create dangerous conditions for wheelchair-users. You can find up-to-date construction regulations in your local building department library, or on the internet.
Wood ramps are the least expensive alternative for ADA temporary ramp for wheelchair materials. However, they require more maintenance. The wood ramp's surface must be regularly treated with a sealer to prevent rot and warping. Wood can splinter and be dangerous for people who use wheelchairs. Wood ramps can also need additional support to keep the structure in place.
Concrete ramps can be expensive, but are durable and long lasting. They are also heavy, which means more effort to install and makes moving the ramp when it's no longer required difficult. Concrete ramps can handle the weight of heavy power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps weigh less than steel or concrete however they offer the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also cheaper than iron or steel which makes them an ideal choice for those on a limited budget. Aluminum is also green, since it is naturally present in the Earth's crust and can be recycled.
The upper landing of the ramp should be at a level, or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold in order to allow the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to pass over it without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap greater than this do not comply with ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp flows smoothly from the upper landing to the ground. The final section of the ramp should have an angled transition to prevent an abrupt stop for wheelchairs when they exit or enter the dwelling.
Installation
A wheelchair ramp is a plane inclined that can be installed as an alternative to or in addition to steps. It allows wheelchair users, and those who use strollers or carts to reach areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.
There are a variety of factors to consider when selecting a ramp for wheelchairs such as height, location and cost. The ramp should be located closest to the door to avoid unnecessary journeys. It should be located at a level where the person using it is able to be able to easily access it. It should also be anchored to the ground and clear of obstructions, such as trees or parked cars.
ADA regulations require ramps to have handrails on either side. The rails must be at minimum 36" apart and have an even or smooth gripping surface. Additionally, they should be connected to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the ramp edge. If a ramp is equipped with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout, handrails must be in continuous use between the ramp's runs.
The length of a ramp depends on the slope, however there are several standard ramps that can be used in most situations. For example the threshold ramp is placed directly on the lip of a curb, or the threshold of a doorway while portable ramps can be moved from one spot to another and come in many different sizes. There are also aluminum ramps that are modular that can be assembled on the spot. These ramps are typically used in commercial or public areas and are typically longer.
Contact your city's construction department to determine the need for a permit for a permanent ramp. It is also advisable to speak with an expert in mobility about the kind of ramp that will work best for your needs and space. In certain situations installing permanent ramps could improve the value of your home.
Maintenance
It's crucial to ensure your ramp for wheelchairs is maintained, especially if are going to use it frequently. You'll need to perform regular inspections and deal with any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp is in compliance with all ADA requirements, and is safe for all users.
Wooden ramps require regular cleaning to get rid of dirt and debris that can obstruct access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also stop moisture from trapping under the surface and leading to the onset of rot. Stains and wood preservatives only work properly when the ramp is clean prior to application.
removable wheelchair ramp ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps because they are more likely wear and tear. The most important thing to do is ensure you have the appropriate tools to complete the task. To make sure that all fixings are secure and tight you'll need a good set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. You should also regularly inspect the handrails for signs of corrosion or damage. With time and repeated use, it's possible that some fittings or bolts that hold on the handrails to come loose. This can be an issue for anyone using the ramp.
Another crucial aspect is to ensure that the ramp's surface is grippy, especially in winter when conditions can be difficult. You'll need to clean away any dirt, leaves or other debris that could block the ramp and cause slippage. In addition, you'll want to apply a non-corrosive ice melt on the ramp's surface prior to winter arrives to avoid slips and injury.
If you're planning on using your ramp all winter months, you should consider purchasing traction wheels or "snow tires" for your wheelchair. These are specially designed to provide better tracking on snow and uneven surfaces, so they'll be more effective than standard wheelchair aluminum ramps tires in aiding you to stay on the ramp. Alternatively, you can place heating pads or tape along the ramp's surface to help melt ice and snow before it accumulates.